Under which conditions can someone sue under cause of action 1983?

The correct choice highlights that a person can sue under the cause of action specified in Section 1983 when they have been deprived of a federal constitutional right. This law is designed to provide a remedy for individuals whose rights, protected by the Constitution or federal law, have been violated by someone acting under the authority of state law. Essentially, Section 1983 serves as a pathway for individuals to seek justice when they experience violations from government actors, ensuring that federal constitutional protections are upheld.

This provision is central to civil rights law, as it empowers individuals to challenge governmental abuses and hold officials accountable for actions that infringe upon their constitutional rights. Understanding this foundational principle is crucial for those in law enforcement and corrections, as it underlines the legal responsibilities of state actors to respect and protect the rights of individuals.